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Electrostatics Of Conductors

#7. Electrostatics Of Conductors

Now we are going to discuss the behavior of the conductor 
1. Inside the conductor, the electrostatic field is zero
Inside the conductor, the electrostatic field is zero

We are going to discuss the behavior of the conductor when it is placed in the electric field. So for that, we have to create the electric field. 
Consider a plate of conductor which is positively charged one & another plate of a conductor which is negatively charged. So, in between them there exist electric field Eout from positive plate to negative plate. Now we are going to place a conductor inside this electric field. Inside the conductor, there are negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. The positively charged protons will move towards the negative plate and negatively charged electrons move toward the positive plate. As the result of this alignment of charges an internal electric field Ein gets produced, which direction is exactly opposite to Eout and magnitude is the same. Hence Eout and Ein get cancel and the net electric field becomes zero.
2. At the surface of a charged conductor, the electrostatic field must be normal to the surface at  every point 
If E were not normal to the surface, it would have some non-zero component along the surface. Free charges on the surface of the conductor would then experience force and move
3. The interior of a conductor can have no excess charge in the static situation 
When the electric field inside the conductor is zero (according to 1st point), then we can say there will be no charges inside the conductor
4. The electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume of the conductor and has the same value (as inside) on its surface 
Since E = 0 inside the conductor and has no work is done in moving a small test charge within the conductor and on its surface. That is there is no potential difference between any two points inside or on the surface of the conductor
5. The electric field at the surface of a charged conductor E = σ/(ε ̥)

6. Electrostatic shielding
Electric field is zero inside the cavity of a conductor of any shape

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