Electrostatic Potential (V) Due To An Electric Dipole

#3. Electrostatic Potential Due To An Electric Dipole

We already know that electric dipole is an arrangement which consists of two equal and opposite charges +q and -q separated by a small distance 2a. Electric dipole moment is represented by a vector p of magnitude 2qa and this vector points in direction from -q to +q. To find electric potential at point P due to a dipole consider charge -q and charge +q separated by a distance 2a. r₁ and r₂ respectively are distance of charge +q and -q from point P.

Since electric potential obeys superposition principle so the net potential due to electric dipole as a whole would be sum of potential due to both the charges +q and -q. Thus

Special Cases

Potential at a point on the axial line i.e θ = 0

Potential at a point on the equatorial line i.e θ = 0

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