Plus Two Physics Chapter 1 Electric Field/ Field Lines/ Electric Flux

#3 Electric Field

Electric field is the type of region that is created by charge and whenever another charge comes into that region it experiences a force

ü The charge generating electric field is called source charge and the charge which experiences this field is called test charge.

ü Force acting on a unit positive charge is called electric field

ü Electric field is independent of q but depends on r

ü SI unit of electric field is N/C (Force/Charge).

ü Electric field is a Vector quantity

Electric Field Lines

An electric field line is a curve drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at each point is in direction of the net field at that point.

Properties:

ü Electric field lines start at positive charge and end at negative charge

ü The tangent drawn to the electric field line at a point gives the direction of the electric field at that point

ü Two electric field lines never intersect each other

ü Electric field lines do not form closed loops

ü The number density of electric field lines at a point gives the strength (intensity) of electric field at that point

Electric Flux

Electric flux is the measure of flow of the electric field through a given area. Electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field lines going through a normally perpendicular surface.

ü Electric flux, Δφ = EΔS = E ΔS cosθ, θ is angle between E and ΔS.

ü The orientation of area element decides the amount of electric flux. Thus, the area element is a vector.

ü Unit of electric flux is NC^-1m².

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