Plus Two Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges & Fields Introduction

#1 Electric Charges And Fields : Introduction

Electric Charge

Charge is a property that associated with matter due to which it produces and experience electric and magnetic effect

There exist 2 types of charges

Positive Charge
Negative Charge

Charges with same electrical sign repel each other and charges with opposite sign attract each other

Methods of Charging

By Friction (Rubbing)

In friction when 2 bodies rubbed together, electrons are transferred from one body to the other. As the result of this one body become positively charged while other become negatively charged.

Charging By Conduction

Take 2 conductors one charged and other uncharged. Bring the conductors in contact with each other. The charge (positive or negative) will spread over both conductors. Thus the 2 conductors will get charged with same sign.

Charging By Induction

When a charged body is brought near to an uncharged body, the charged body will attract the opposite charge and repel the similar charge present in the uncharged body. As the result of this one side of the uncharged body (closer to charged body) becomes oppositely charged while the other side becomes similarly charged.

Properties of Charges

Additive Property

If a system contains ‘n’ charges q1, q2, q3, ------, qn, then the total charge of the system is q1 + q2 + q3 + ------- +qn

Conservation of Charges

Charge can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transferred from one body to another.

Quantization of Charges

The charge is always represented in the form of, q = ne. Here n is an integer and e is the charge (-for electron and + for proton). Magnitude of e = 1.602192 X 10^-19This is called quantization of charge.

SI unit of charge is Coulomb (C).

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